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THESSALONIKI

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General Information

Though the dominant presence of the famed city of Thessaloniki naturally attracts the spotlight, the prefecture of Thessaloniki holds many surprises, such as a beauteous mountainous countryside, comely sandy beaches, spectacular archaeological and historical monuments, and museums overflowing with captivating exhibits. There numerous luxurious hotels as well as organized tourist lodgings, all in proximity to vast natural beauties, various entertainment choices, and many opportunities for mountain and water sports. Thessaloniki, the so called ?Nymph of Thermaikos?, capital city of the prefecture and the second largest city in the nation, abstains 520 km from Athens. It features an important harbor and a notified hub, as it is located on the crossroads between West and East. A modern European metropolis and an exceptionally charming urban center, it is the second commercial and industrial center of Greece. The numerous commercial exhibitions of alternating business interests which take place during the year, the cultural festivals, as well as many other events, constantly attract thousands of visitors. The population of the prefecture is well over one million inhabitants, while its total extent covers 3683 sq.km.

 

History - Culture

As perhaps expected, the history of the prefecture is directly related to the history of its capital, Thessaloniki. Though the area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was established by Cassander, King of Macedonia, in 316 BC, who named it after his wife Thessaloniki, half sister of Alexander the Great. The city flourished during Roman and Byzantine times, as it was the most important city situated upon the Via Egnatia, the Roman road which connected the eternal city with its Eastern provinces and with Byzantium itself (later named Constantinople). It was visited by St. Paul, who preached there in the 1st century AD. Under Galerius Caesar, Constantine the Great, and Theodosius the Great, Thessaloniki briefly served as the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empire respectively. In the 5th century this long period of great prosperity peaked and the city became a noted center of the arts. Throughout the following centuries, a series of barbarian raids ?mostly by Slavs- disturbed the life of the city, while during the 10th and the 11th century, Thessaloniki was plagued by Bulgarian attacks. After a period of relative peace and prosperity following the reign of the great Byzantine Emperor Vassilios the 2nd, the development of Thessaloniki was once again interrupted due to the Norman occupation (1185) and their savage pillaging, as well as a short period of Frankish domination. Although the city became a major commercial center in the 13th and 14th century, there were intense political convulsions and Thessaloniki changed hands many times among the Byzantines, Venetians and Turks, who eventually secured their hold of it in 1430. The inhabitants experienced a period of terrorism until the 15th century, when persecuted Jews from Europe found refuge in Thessaloniki and established a community that prospered financially and culturally and aided in the reformation of the city. In the 18th and 19th century Thessaloniki, a commercial and urban centre ever since, became a theatre of conflicts between Serbs and Bulgarians. It was finally liberated in October 1912 and was united with the rest of the Greek territory. Nowadays, Thessaloniki is a major European city, gateway to the Balkans, Turkey and Europe, while a noted International Trade Fair is held there annually. The construction of the new Via Egnatia, along with other major works and the development of the Balkans, is expected to generate further commercial interest, while the city continues its longtime tradition as a center of art and culture, hosting numerous events and festivals.    

 

Sights

As Thessaloniki alone has numerous monuments from many historical periods, it is almost impossible to box up the sights of this significant prefecture. So, in addition to the many villages and tourist resorts that hold interesting monuments along with beauteous landscapes, the capital has a rich collection of spectacular sites such as the famous White Tower (1430), the landmark of Thessaloniki. Visitors can also see the well-preserved walls of the fortified Upper Town, the 2nd century Roman forum (market), the palaeochristian tombs, the site of which has been discovered under a busy motorway, the remnants of Emperor Galerius"s Palace, and his Triumphal Arch, all dating back to the 4th century AD. The structure of the Rotonda is also a part of Galerius"s complex which was converted into a mosque during the years of Turkish domination. Moreover, a great number of beautiful Byzantine churches can be found throughout the city, the most celebrated of which belongs to Saint Demetrius, protector Saint of the city. Young Demetrius, scion of a respected aristocratic family and a promising officer of the Roman Army, was arrested and martyred to death on October 26th, 130 AD, firmly insisting on embracing the Christian faith. His memory is celebrated on that same day each year with many cultural and religious activities. Among the numerous comely seaside resorts of the prefecture, the beaches of Asprovalta and Vrasna in the municipality of Agios Georgios stand out, while impressive monuments can be seen nearby. These are the ancient cities of Philippi and Stagira, the second being the birthplace of Aristotle, one of the greatest philosophers of humanity, while there is also the monastery of Agios Georgios (St. George), built in the 13th century. The straits of Redina, crossed by the river Rychios, also form a majestic natural setting. The city of Thessaloniki fascinates visitors with its unique atmosphere, the cheerful spirit of its inhabitants, and its vivacious pace, kept up all through the day and the night as well.

 

Entertainment-Sports-Shopping

Experienced in hosting major business and cultural events regularly, the tourist infrastructure of the city of Thessaloniki and of the entire prefecture is excellent. The services provided are beyond comparison and cover the needs of even the most demanding visitors, even when they choose to stay outside the capital. Yet, within Thessaloniki itself, the accommodation, entertainment and shopping facilities are impressive and comparable to those of any great European city. Additionally, local cuisine offers wonderful seafood, pies and sweets. As for sports, there are track and football fields, tennis, basketball, and volleyball courts, swimming pools, yachting, water sports and horse riding clubs, a water sports entertainment park, and a refuge for mountain climbers on Chortiatis. The nightlife of Thessaloniki is enchanting, with countless options ?including theatres, entertainment parks, cinemas, restaurants, taverns, bars, pubs, night clubs, and a casino on the outskirts of the city- and a most lively pace, set by its vivacious inhabitants and the thousands of students of the city?s Universities.

 

Access

Flights are carried out from Athens, as well as from many other European airports, to Thessaloniki every day. There are bus and train services from Athens-Piraeus on a daily basis while ferries depart from Piraeus to Thessaloniki. Trains from abroad also arrive in the city, the first major train stop in Greece.

 

Connections

Planes link Thessaloniki, Athens, Rhodes, Corfu, Herakleion (Crete), Ioannina, Lemnos, Samos, Chios, Kavala, Alexandroupolis, Mykonos and Santorini. There is bus connection with the whole of Northern Greece, Thessaly, Epirus, Central Greece and the Peloponnese. Trains also link Thessaloniki and all the cities of Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly and Eastern Central Greece. There is a ferry connection with Lemnos, Lesbos, Chios, Rhodes, Kos, Samos, Andros, Mykonos, Santorini, Paros, Syros, Tenos, Skiathos, Skyros, and Herakleion. Besides, international flights are carried out from the airport of Thessaloniki, and the city is a gateway to Central and Western Europe, through FYROM, Eastern Europe through Bulgaria, and Middle East through Turkey.

 

Museums

Thessaloniki gathers a great number of museums. Apart from the Archaeological Museum, where significant findings originating from prehistoric Macedonia, the royal tombs of Vergina and ancient Thessaloniki are exhibited, one can visit more than 20 museums of various themes, galleries and cultural centers

 

Alternative Tourism

Educational, cultural, congressional, spiritual, ecclesiastical, archaeology, gastronomy, ecotourism, agrotourism, therapeutic, sporting (water sports, yachting, sailing, mountain climbing, horse riding, parachute, trekking, canoeing). As is hosts many successive trade fairs, Thessaloniki is also a favorite among travelers with business interests.

 

Useful Telephone Numbers:

THESSALONIKI AREA CODE: 2310-

POLICE STATION  : 2310-253340

TOURIST POLICE: 2310-554871

MUNICIPALITY: 2310-375200

TRAFFIC POLICE: 2310-531504

PORT POLICE: 2310-531504

POST OFFICE: 2310-522100

TAXI STATION: 2310-551756

RADIO TAXI STATION: 2310-214841, 214900

HOSPITAL: 2310-993111, 837921, 357602

SOCIAL SERVICES: 2310-223602

 

 

 

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